Adults who suffer from depressive disorders experience periods of depressed mood, which last at least two weeks, and that result in loss of interest from virtually all activities. This is typically accompanied by feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and physical manifestations, such as changes in appetite, decreased energy, and problems with sleep.
With bipolar disorder, one experiences manic episodes, in which mood is extremely elevated. It may include feelings of grandiosity, racing thoughts, pressured speech, and lack of need for sleep. There may also be “mixed” episodes with simultaneous symptoms of depression and mania.
Treatment for these disorders requires medication to elevate or stabilize the mood, as well as close supervision to ensure efficacy. Additionally, psychotherapy and psycho-education can be effective in teaching coping and management skills. Combined with recommendations for certain lifestyle changes, these interventions can be highly successful.